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来源：彩虹多多官方2024-02-02 17:48

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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

【新时代新征程新伟业】四川：职业教育让“职业农民”涌现培养更多“田园明星”******

　　中新网眉山12月21日电 (王利文岳依桐)冬日，四川省眉山市东坡区金光村一片“稻虾共生”基地内，34岁的养殖户万刚正与几名工人蓄水平田，为来年好收成做准备。他毕业于一所高校现代农业技术专业，2016年回乡探索“稻虾共生”模式。目前，他承包的土地平均每亩年产小龙虾300斤、水稻1200斤。

新型“职业农民”万刚回乡探索“稻虾共生”模式。　受访者万刚供图

　　在“天府之国”四川，像万刚这样带着技术和情怀俯身于田间地头的新型职业农民正逐年增多，他们将专业技能巧妙融合于脚下的土地，用创新赋能产业发展。新型职业农民的兴起，只是四川发力打造新时代更高水平“天府粮仓”工作成效的缩影，经人才和科技的“加码”，巴蜀大地沃野千里，生机勃勃。

　　“这些人才大多来自乡镇，对土地有着天然的亲近感。他们懂农、知农、爱农，到三农一线能沉得下去、留得下来，所学知识和技能也非常实用。”眉山职业技术学院党委书记代贤军表示，作为四川省首批新型职业农民试点3所高校之一，学院近年来开展了田园明星、农业经理人、新型职业农民、基层农技人员等相关培训，参与者2万余人次。

　　随着农业发展潜力不断凸显，选择农业专业的学生也越来越多。为让学生更“接地气”，眉山职业技术学院将教学内容与生产实践结合，学习任务与田间生产任务直接挂钩，课堂和田间教学时间达到1比1。该校农业教研室主任魏文武举例道，“认识病虫害的课程中，我们要求学生到田间地头找虫捉虫，通过实操识别分析病虫害。”

眉山职业技术学院师生在开展教学实践。　陈航摄

　　在食用菌栽培学课程上亲自培育出羊肚菌后，眉山职业技术学院农业技术系学生王杰平迸发了灵感：能否将该技术运用到自家葡萄地里？“可以利用每年10月葡萄园清园后土地的空置期来种植羊肚菌，帮助家里增产增收。”在农村长大的他对土地有感情，每天与泥土打交道也让他感到“踏实”，“未来我想从事农业相关工作，一分耕耘一分收获。”

　　眉山市东坡区太和镇永丰村，3100亩的高标准农田在四川省率先实现水稻“耕、种、播、收”全程机械化生产。作为四川标准化程度最高的高标准农田示范样板之一，其背后离不开专业人才和创新技术的“加码”，眉山职业技术学院参与研发的多项技术也在这片农田得以运用。

　　据介绍，该校研究集成推广的机直播稻“齐芽全苗”技术、化肥减量技术、农药减量技术等30余项技术在眉山多个乡镇“开花结果”，累计节省成本7538.63万元(人民币，下同)、累计增收节支20531.46万元。

　　在代贤军看来，职业教育不仅是科技和人才重要的供给者、服务者、支撑者，其在科技的转化、应用、推广等环节发挥着独特的纽带作用，架起了基础科研到现实生产之间的桥梁。

眉山职业技术学院师生在开展教学实践。　陈航摄

　　四川这个西部大省正以种业振兴为重点强化农业科技创新、以园区为载体推进现代农业体系建设，利用科技和人才这两把关键“钥匙”，助推农业发展开创新局面。

　　“农民早已不等于面朝黄土背朝天，而是一份不用背井离乡也能实现价值、创造价值的体面职业。”站在400亩的水田中，万刚对未来充满憧憬和信心，他手指前方，“以往3名工人3小时才能完成的投食工作，无人机半小时就能解决。我准备用5年时间将目前400余亩的生产面积扩大到2000亩，为家乡建设贡献更多力量。”(完)